TYPO3 Installation Basics

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[edit] Introduction

What does it do?

This documentation explains the basics of the installation process from scratch. It is mainly for newbies who can read it through from beginning to end and with some good will and luck have a working TYPO3 installation.

Depending on the operating system there are additional documentations that go into the specifics of each OS.

For advanced users or professionals it is a reference guide to look up features, links and good-to-knows.

What does it not do?

It is not, however, an installation guide for the operating system, Apache, MySQL, PHP etc – so called LAMP or WAMP installations. Although certain changes to configuration or initialization files will be necessary, it doesn't provide an in-depth explanation of the operating system, but rather focus on TYPO3 and its configuration for running on one of them.

Who is it for?

This guide is for newbies, users, administrators and developers that like to install TYPO3 on their desired platform. Administrators and developers will need to skip part of the guide because of their technical and operational knowledge (see 'How to read this documentation' below).

What is a newbie?

Newbies are users that are new to TYPO3. It is not a shame to be a newbie as long as it is not mistaken with lazy, ignorant or stupid. Being a newbie is a tough position, especially with TYPO3. There is so much to learn and understand, it can be overwhelming. There is a lot of reading to do, something that newcomers are asked to do before asking questions in the mailing list. Unfortunately this is frequently forgotten or disregarded.

How to read this documentation

Feel free to skip any paragraph that does not interest you. It is hard to tell how much somebody knows when they start with TYPO3 and what background they have. Where something is completely clear to a Linux administrator, it is jibberish for a web designer, and the other way around. Both have the right to learn more about TYPO3. So before you get bored with long-winded explanations, just skip to the area of your particular interest.

[edit] What already exists

[edit] How TYPO3 works

If that could be answered in one paragraph then TYPO3 wouldn't be that what it is. A complex and yet flexible Content Management System (CMS) with a great potential for becoming one of the great CMS even compared to commercial products.

We want to focus on the installation and that means we need to understand how TYPO3 is set up.

TYPO3 has two main parts: The Core and the Extensions. The Core is like the foundation of a building without it it will stumble and fall apart. The Extensions are the spice in the soup. They make TYPO3 what it is. This concept also guarantees a safe and backward compatible system even in the far future. However, that concept also makes it tricky to install, especially if you need to do it manually.


Symbolic links

Symlinks (short for Symbolic links) are a great asset of the UNIX/Linux distributions. They are very much like the shortcuts that you can create on your desktop (Windows, Mac etc.) that only point to a file. If you delete the shortcut the file still exists.


[NOTE]: Windows (2000, XP and 2003) can work with symlinks but needs an additional freeware: Junction Tool from Sysinternals.com or by using linkd.exe utility available in the Windows Resource Kit or here - http://www.petri.co.il/download_free_reskit_tools.htm

Read also the Instructions about Symlinks on Windows.


TYPO3 uses symlinks to offer a much easier management of future maintenance and upgrades. With symlinks your are able to install the TYPO3 core once and point to it from every new website you create. That way as soon as a new version of the TYPO3 core is out you simply upgrade the core and all the websites are upgraded at the same time.

More about symlinks and how to set up TYPO3 later in this document.

[edit] System requirements

What do you need to run TYPO3? This question relates not only to the hardware and software but also to your knowledge or skill if you will. You should know more about computers than just how to turn it on, run Word, write a letter, print it and call the supporter as soon as something new happens on your computer.

If you are able to follow the step by step instructions but at the same time are not familiar with what you are doing, you are able to install TYPO3 but not skilled enough to fix something that you break in the process. Just make sure to be careful about what your are doing and keep in mind on what level you are.

Because TYPO3 is not an application in the normal sense (it runs on the web server), it can be used under Linux/Unix, Windows or Mac. In addition to TYPO3 itself, you will also require some other software to get your installation up & running. The following list should help (see also system requirements on typo3.org)...

Optionally you can download and install some tools depending on how you are going to use TYPO3:

  • ImageMagick - For handling pictures, latest version from http://www.imagemagick.org
  • GD/FreeType (compiled into PHP)- From http://www.boutell.com/gd/ (GD) and from http://www.freetype.org (FreeType)
  • A PHP cache (e.g. PHP-accelerator (UNIX only) or Zend Optimizer) ( http://www.php-accelerator.co.uk or http://www.zend.com )
  • zlib - This is compiled into PHP and makes import/export actions and connections to the online extension repository smaller/faster, by compressing the data
  • Apache extensions mod_gzip and mod_rewrite ( http://www.apache.org )
  • phpMyAdmin - TYPO3 comes packaged with this tool, which enables you to administer the database from within the TYPO3 back end administration area. If you also want to be able to do this from outside TYPO3, using your web browser, download this package from http://www.phpmyadmin.net/
  • Curl - If your web server is behind a proxy server, you'll need to make the appropriate configuration changes in the TYPO3 Install Tool, and install Curl, to be able to access the extension repository ( http://curl.haxx.se/ )


You'll find out more details about the requirements here:

[edit] Webspace vs. Webserver

A lot of questions regarding Webspace, Hoster, Provider, Webserver etc. are asked in the mailing lists. Questions are mostly concerned with how to install TYPO3 on Webspace or how to get the provider to increase memory and so forth.

Let's address that issue by answering the most common questions and explaining the more or less subtle differences.

[edit] Before you start

Before you start with the installation process you should make sure that you know what you want to accomplish and that you are in the possession of the right tools, files etc.

You also should know about your system enviroment and it doesn't hurt to have studied some basics about TYPO3.

[edit] How to install

This manual uses the Install Tool which allows you to configure the vital database information for TYPO3 in three simple steps. It's meant for newbies and is automatically active if you download one of the zip-packages with complete sites. A "complete site" is a combination of the source-code and site-specific folders. Therefore this would not apply for the TYPO3 source-code archives but only such downloads as the testsite or other out-of-the-box Typo3 applications.

[edit] Check package(s)

After obtaining TYPO3 source you can check it's authenticity by verifying the md5 signature. You can find such signatures on the release note pages like TYPO3 4.2.6.

[edit] Upload

Upload the package(s) to your webspace/webserver. Remember that you need two packages when using the .tgz distributions.

[edit] Unpack .tgz packages

Follow these steps to unpack TYPO3 on a Unix/Linux server:

1. Log into your webserver/webspace and unpack the packages. Don't forget to add the p switch which tells us to preserve the archives file attributes!!! 

tar xzpvf <typo3_src-x.x.x.tar.gz>
tar xzpvf <dummy-x.x.x.tar.gz>

NOTE that old 'standard' tar can't handle long paths (more than 100 characters) and will probably fail unpacking the source package!

Change the name of the dummy directory to something more useful 

mv dummy-x.x.x myfirsttypo3

If you extracted the files onto a proper webserver, it may be necessary to change the owner and group rights of the files you have just extracted according to your specific webserver. For instance, on Gentoo with apache it is needed to change the owner and group to 'apache': 

chown -R apache:apache <typo3_src-x.x.x>
chown -R apache:apache <myfirsttypo3>

For debian (and Ubuntu) you can use 

chown -R www-data:www-data <typo3_src-x.x.x>
chown -R www-data:www-data <myfirsttypo3>

You are now ready to start installing TYPO3. The myfirsttypo3 directory will be the base directory for your new web site!

[edit] Change site directory

If you don't want to have your site in a subdirectory, you can move all files from the subdirectory up to the directory where your .tgz files are located: 

cd dummy-x.x.x
mv * ..
cd ..

You also have to "rename" one of the symlinks: 

rm typo3_src
ln -s ./typo3_src-x.x.x typo3_src

Now list the contents of the directory and see that it has the following files/symlinks. If one of them is missing, your installation will probably fail: 

ls -l

-rw-r--r--   1 user   user       4937 Sep 24 13:06 INSTALL.txt
-rw-r--r--   1 user   user         46 Sep 24 13:06 clear.gif
drwxr-xr-x   2 user   user       4096 Oct 14 19:26 dummy-4.1.1
drwxrwxrwx   4 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 fileadmin
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         18 Oct 14 19:22 index.php -> typo3_src/index.php
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         15 Oct 14 19:22 t3lib -> typo3_src/t3lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         15 Oct 14 19:22 typo3 -> typo3_src/typo3
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         18 Oct 14 19:22 typo3_src -> typo3_src-4.1.1
drwxr-xr-x   5 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 typo3_src-4.1.1
drwxrwxrwx   3 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 typo3conf
drwxrwxrwx   2 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 typo3temp
drwxrwxrwx   6 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 uploads


Important: Before TYPO3 4.0beta3 this directory listing should look like this instead: 

-rw-r--r--   1 user   user       4937 Sep 24 13:06 INSTALL.txt
-rw-r--r--   1 user   user         46 Sep 24 13:06 clear.gif
drwxr-xr-x   2 user   user       4096 Oct 14 19:26 dummy-3.7.0
drwxrwxrwx   4 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 fileadmin
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         18 Oct 14 19:22 index.php -> tslib/index.php (1)
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         11 Oct 14 19:22 media -> tslib/media (2)
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         17 Oct 14 19:22 showpic.php -> tslib/showpic.php (2)
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         15 Oct 14 19:22 t3lib -> typo3_src/t3lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         15 Oct 14 19:22 tslib -> typo3_src/tslib (2)
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         15 Oct 14 19:22 typo3 -> typo3_src/typo3
lrwxrwxrwx   1 user   user         18 Oct 14 19:22 typo3_src -> typo3_src-3.7.0
drwxr-xr-x   5 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 typo3_src-3.7.0
drwxrwxrwx   3 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 typo3conf
drwxrwxrwx   2 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 typo3temp
drwxrwxrwx   6 user   user       4096 Sep 24 13:06 uploads

(1) Starting with TYPO3 4.0beta3 this symlink should point to typo3_src/index.php.

(2) Starting with TYPO3 4.0beta3 these symlinks are not needed anymore.

[edit] More on different servers

Linux/Unix

Other

[edit] Install Tool

When you access your TYPO3 installation with e.g. 

http://192.168.1.25/myfirsttypo3/typo3/install

you end up with the following message: 

In the main source distribution of Typo3, the install 
script is disabled by a die() function call. 
Fix: Open the file typo3/install/index.php and 
remove/out-comment the line that outputs this message!

or in version 4.1.2 

The Install Tool is locked.
Fix: Create a file typo3conf/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL
This file may simply be empty.
For security reasons, it is highly recommended to rename
or delete the file after the operation is finished.

With version 4.1.2 it is really simple just create an empty "typo3conf/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL" with 

touch typo3conf/ENABLE_INSTALL_TOOL

and it should work. If that does not work or you do not have version 4.1.2 please read the following chapters to continue with the installation.

[edit] What does that mean?

When you access your TYPO3 installation for the first time, TYPO3 redirects you to the install tool. The install tool enables you to set up TYPO3. And since we work on the internet, pretty much everybody who can access your TYPO3 site could access it too.

Of course, in our example we work locally, so only people who have access to your local network could access the install tool.

Therefore we need some security and that is what TYPO3 is providing. First step of security is that you cannot run the install tool. That what the die() function is for.

The die() function terminates the execution immediately. We need to comment out the die() function in order to start the install tool.

1. Go to the install directory. 

cd /var/www/myfirsttypo3/typo3/install

[NOTE] For those without working symlinks you could also change directory to 

cd /var/lib/typo3/typo3_src-3.5.0/typo3/install

Both ways you end up at the same place. The first one through several symlinks. The second one directly.

2. Open index.php in a text editor.

3. Find the die() function

4. Set the line to a comment line by adding // to the beginning of the line, so it looks like this: 

 //die("In the main source distribution of typo3, the install script...

5. Save and exit.

6. Try to access myfirsttypo3 again. 

http://192.168.1.25/myfirsttypo3

[NOTE] 192.168.1.25 stands for the IP address of the webserver. It can be anything the points to your TYPO3 site.

[NOTE] You can start the Install Tool in 123-mode manually by entering the following URL: 

http://192.168.1.25/myfirsttypo3/typo3/install/index.php?mode=123&step=1&password=joh316

[edit] 1-2-3-GO Installation

Once you remove the die() function the install tool greets you with the following message:

Image:InstallTollMessage.png

Remember the temporary password joh316 and read all instructions carefully. 

Press <Ok> to continue

The first step of the TYPO3 install tool is to configure that MySQL database that is used for you TYPO3 site.

[NOTE] If you haven't set up the MySQL root password, a database or a user yet, go to the MySQL configuration and MySQL Installation and setup section. (docs will be joint later)


1. Enter your username and password for MySQL.

Image:Typo3inst123mysql.png

[NOTE] When you enter the passwod it will show it clearly not with * as in the picture. 

Press the button <Update localconf.php>.

Image:Typo3inst123mysql2.png

2. Enter a database name to create a new database, e.g. myfirsttypo3 

Press the button <Update localconf.php>.

[NOTE] Don't use the mysql or test database of the existing databases since they are used internally by MySQL.

Image:Typo3inst123mysql3.png

You get to see an overview of your MySQL information (again instead of the * you see your password).

3. Import the standard database. Keep the selection of database.sql. 

Press the button <Import database>.

Image:Typo3inst123go.png

[edit] Configure TYPO3

[edit] Set New Install Password

1. Click Continue to configure TYPO3 to continue with the installation process

2. Enter a password for the install tool and press the button <Set new password>.

Image:Typo3instpassw.png

3. Choose 1. Basic Configuration in the menu.

4. Enter your new install tool password.

5. Press the button <Log in>.

[edit] Check Basic Configuration

The Basic Configuration checks your system environment and tells you where TYPO3 has some problems. That doesn't mean that all the problems have to be fixed right away for TYPO3 to run properly but if you want to use all the features make sure the Basic Configuration runs error free.

[edit] Database Analyser

[edit] Image Processing

If ImageMagick is installed and tested correctly, you should see something like this.

Image Processing contains five tests:

  1. Reading image formats
  2. Writing GIF and PNG
  3. Scaling images
  4. Combining images
  5. GD library functions

[edit] All Configuration

[edit] typo3temp

[edit] Clean up database

[edit] phpinfo()

[edit] Edit files in typo3conf/

[edit] About

[edit] Start TYPO3

Now it is time to test TYPO3 by starting the Backend (BE).

[edit] Login

You start with a logon to Typo3-Backend at http://yourdomain/typo3 with the username "admin" and password "password".

[edit] Change password

The first thing you should do is change the password to something more unique!

[edit] Troubleshooting

[edit] SQL safe mode

If sql.safe_mode is enabled, mysql_connect() and mysql_pconnect() ignore any arguments passed to them. Instead, PHP attempts to connect using the following details:

  • host: localhost
  • user: the user PHP runs as
  • password: an empty string ("")

This could cause the Install Tool to display an error message like this 

Warning: Access denied for user: 'mike@localhost' (Using password: NO) in 
/var/www/typo3_src-3.7.0/t3lib/class.t3lib_db.php on line 813

Then you have to create a user in MySQL with these settings. What username you should use, you can find out in the Install Tool, 1. Basic Configuration or you see it in the error message. Do the following command in the MySQL monitor: 

mysql> INSERT INTO user (host,user,password) 
    -> VALUES ("localhost","mike","");

or update a present user with the following: 

mysql> UPDATE user SET host="localhost", password=""  
    -> WHERE user="mike";

If the user reported in the error message or in Install Tool is "mike".

[edit] PHP does not feature MySQL support (which is pretty unusual)

For Windows Installs Make sure PHP is not using a previously installed php.ini file, one that is in the system PATH

--Jean-Marie 17:49, 14 Jun 2004 (CEST)


[edit] TYPO3 with symlinked source

In case you want to use a symlinked source, please be aware that on some servers or configurations the path to typo3's home directory is not correctly resolved and all files with relative paths in typo3 (images, templates) are not found. So if your template seems not to work, check this and maybe try without symlinks. Also see here: [1]

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